The goals of teacher education programs differ in developed and developing nations because of disparities in educational priorities, resources, and circumstances. Although educating teachers to be capable and successful is a common goal, the precise goals may vary. These are some salient comparative points.

Quality of Education

Developed nations frequently place a high priority on educational quality in an effort to give students a well-rounded education that will meet the expectations of a globalised society. Modern knowledge and skills, creative teaching methods, and the capacity to encourage critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving in their pupils are the main goals of teacher education programs. On the other hand, developing nations may place more value on fundamental reading and numeracy abilities, emphasising the development of core skills to reduce educational disparities and enhance educational access.

Technology Integration

Technology integration into teaching and learning is emphasised heavily in teacher education programs in developed countries. To improve instruction and support individualised learning experiences, teachers receive training on how to use digital materials, online platforms, and educational technology tools. Their teacher education programs may concentrate on developing fundamental digital literacy skills and leveraging inexpensive technological solutions to enhance teaching and learning because developing nations may lack the infrastructure and resources necessary for technology integration.

ALSO READ: The aims of the teacher education programs for the best educational system

Inclusive Education

Inclusive education, which addresses the varied requirements of students with disabilities, special educational needs, or from multiple cultural backgrounds, is highly valued in industrialised nations. Strategies for addressing individual learning needs, promoting inclusive classrooms, and customising teaching are all highlighted in teacher education programs. Although inclusive education may be becoming more and more important in underdeveloped nations, obstacles may arise due to a lack of infrastructure and resources. Programs for teacher education may emphasise increasing awareness, developing capacity, and offering tactics for inclusive practices in environments with limited resources.

Professional Development

Developed nations frequently place a high priority on teachers’ continual professional development in order to guarantee their effectiveness and advancement. Professional learning communities, in-service training, and access to best practices based on research are all features of teacher education programs. Resources may be limited in developing nations when it comes to offering comprehensive chances for professional development. Nonetheless, initiatives are underway to improve professional development through partnerships with global organisations, teacher mentorship programs, and the use of technology for online networking and training.

Teacher Retention and Motivation

Developed nations understand how critical it is to draw in and keep top-notch educators. The significance of teacher motivation, work happiness, and career progression prospects is emphasised in teacher education programs. Lack of teachers, poor pay, and unfavourable working circumstances can be problems for developing nations. In order to guarantee a steady and driven teaching profession, teacher education programs in developing nations frequently concentrate on enhancing teacher recruitment, offering incentives, and resolving retention concerns.

ALSO READ: Fully Funded SIIT University Graduate Scholarship 2026 in Thailand

Contextual Relevance

The goal of teacher education programs in both developed and developing nations is to meet the unique requirements and difficulties of their educational systems while also being pertinent to the local environment. More research and curriculum development funding may be available to developed nations, enabling more personalisation and conformity to national norms. Even though developing nations may have limitations when it comes to curriculum creation and resources, their goal is to provide educators the know-how to tackle issues unique to their nation, such poverty, cultural diversity, and restricted access to high-quality education.

Although the goals of teacher education programs in developed and developing nations differ, it’s crucial to remember that there is also a great deal of variation within each group. Even within nations, geographical differences, cultural settings, and particular educational regulations may all have a significant impact on educational objectives and strategies.

ALSO READ: Latest Stories & Science News

The concept of teacher education

Teacher education is a field and sub-sector of education that has unique pre-service and in-service forms. It provides prospective and in-service teachers with information, knowledge, and pedagogical skills to assist them change their attitudes and behaviours towards the profession of teaching. The primary goal is to promote the transmission of information to pupils (cognitive, emotional, and psychomotor) while also developing their character and personality. In other words, teacher education refers to the policies and processes that are intended to provide teachers with the information, attitudes, behaviours, and skills they need to fulfil their duties effectively in the school and classroom. Teacher education entails obtaining all of the information, skills, and talents necessary for a “teacher as a teacher” life.

Necessity for teacher education

Teachers’ general education and professional training demand the highest care and attention, as whatever they learn is passed on to their pupils with high multiple effects. The current situation has seen and continues to see a quick yet good change in teacher training methods and procedures. New new strategies are always being introduced to the previously established traditional instructional practices. Being familiar with these advances to the degree of mastery is required for the promotion and maintenance of high teaching and learning standards. Good quality teacher education on these essential factors create the way for the long-term growth of the educational system.

ALSO READ: The specific competencies of teachers according to the National Professional Standards

Teachers are the foundations of future citizens, and as such, they must be educated with a futuristic perspective in order to develop their students’ personalities not only for the present but also for the future, accommodating new trends from the global outlook. This is critical because teachers are significant agents of change in all communities, as well as service providers in response to future demands. Changes are taking place at both the national and international levels. Distances are diminishing and communities are becoming more connected, influencing each other’s daily behaviours.

Significance of teacher education

The primary goal of teacher education is to provide prospective teachers with not just adequate teaching aptitudes, but also the necessary skills and talents to be successful and efficient professionals. They study not only the philosophical, psychological, and sociological foundations of teaching, but also the interaction of education with society and its values through teaching and learning processes.

The formal teacher education process can assist prospective instructors in minimising problems and saving pupils from the pitfalls of trial and error. Appropriately rendered teacher education provides ample opportunities for would-be teachers to understand the nature of teaching; to envision the responsibilities of a teacher; to discover that being a teacher entails much more than memorising the philosophies and theories of learning; and to comprehend the practical implications of pedagogical strategies. It is discovered that the teaching profession facilitates the acquisition and retention of information, values, skills, and appropriate attitudes for a successful life that can begin and support constructive social change.

ALSO READ: Latest Stories & Science News

Preschool and kindergarten are sometimes mistakenly identified as the key phase of early childhood education, even though parents, legislators, and the general public still place a high value on it. Although the brain produces the majority of its neurons between birth and 3 years old, early childhood education is defined as the time of birth until 8 years old, coinciding with the second or third-grade level.

Importance of early childhood education

It is impossible to exaggerate the significance of early childhood education for human development. Early childhood experiences lay the groundwork for a child’s future growth, giving them a solid basis for lifetime learning and the development of their cognitive and social skills, among other learning abilities. Research that has been proven to be reliable keeps highlighting how crucial early childhood education is to a child’s success in the future.

Read: What is management in education? Discuss its importance.

Role of early childhood education in the lives of students

Exploring Brain Capacity

The child’s brain grows at its fastest rate between birth and turning five years old. Before a child starts kindergarten, the brain has grown 90% of the way. To guarantee academic success in the future, it is essential to make the most of this time.

The study “The Early Catastrophe: The 30 Million Word Gap by Age 3” showed that children (under 3) from wealthy families knew 30 million more words than kids from poorer families. The reason is simple. The size of a child’s vocabulary depends on how many words adults use when speaking to them. Without ECE, kids simply don’t have as many to build their brain’s capacity to its fullest.

Acquiring Social Skills

Socializing with people other than family is an integral part of childhood education. Learning how to interact with others, be it peers or teachers, can simplify the education process in the future.

Adult interaction and modeling are necessary for early socialization. Cooperation and sharing skills are essential for social interaction. Under skilled direction, youngsters can reap significant benefits. Children’s social skills acquired in a secure learning environment benefit them outside of the classroom as well. They can significantly boost their self-confidence and strengthen their bond with their parents.

Understanding the Fun of Learning

Even though learning is a lifelong process for children, difficulties can sometimes arise. Kids may lose their innate excitement if they aren’t ready for the procedure. This means that these children may struggle in elementary school and later on. Teaching in early childhood education is a skill that early childhood educators possess. Youngsters may embrace the difficulties that learning presents and take pleasure in becoming active learners once they see that education can be fun and fulfilling.

Improving Concentration

The attention spans of young children are short. They frequently can’t focus on anything for an extended period due to their curiosity about new things. Young children can learn new things and form relationships with others while developing their capacity to concentrate in early childhood education programs. Children can follow instructions, listen, collaborate in groups, and focus on individual work by the time they enter kindergarten.

Investing in Health

Children who get early childhood education gain from it in the short and long terms. Health treatments, which are typically included in the early education package, have short-term advantages. Preschoolers enrolled in daycare facilities or other childcare initiatives typically receive wholesome meals and frequent health examinations.
Higher income and fewer risks of hazardous behavior (drug use, early pregnancy, etc.) have long-term advantages since they lower stress and make access to high-quality healthcare services simpler.

Read our blog: PakSci Mission

Types of Supervision

Chandrasekaran (1994 pp. 139-140) augmented about these types of supervision:

• Preventive
• Corrective
• Constructive
• Creative

Preventive Supervision

A supervisor needs to be an external supervisor, such as the inspector, or a preventative supervisor, such as the headmaster, who can foresee and, to the best of their ability, prevent the challenges that new teachers will inevitably face in the classroom. This supports the teacher’s career goals and assists him in self-correction.

Corrective Supervision

Any supervisor who walks into a classroom to figure out what’s wrong is almost guaranteed to succeed in doing so. Both he and the teacher are angry about it. Corrective oversight is not insignificant, and this must be understood. This is the sort that most instructors would want; the supervisor should be alert for errors first, but they should also constantly strive to understand each mistake and where it fits into the larger picture of the educational process. Sometimes, errors are so small and similar that they are missed. Some, however, demand quick care, or else they might irreversibly undermine a teacher’s efficacy.

Read: What is management in education? Discuss its importance.

Constructive Supervision

While correcting small or severe instances of bad practice should be a part of constructive supervision, it shouldn’t end there. Inducing development is a healthier approach than eliminating flaws. The goal of constructive supervision is to gradually increase authority to carry out existing competent tasks even more effectively. Teachers become happier and stronger via healthy growth than they are when suffering from pedagogic amputations. The astute supervisor will always make an effort to communicate to the teachers his ideas about what excellent instruction should genuinely entail. In doing so, he will inspire, motivate, and guide their professional development to bring these ideas to life.

Creative Supervision

It is implied that creative supervision should promote diversity, uniqueness, and self-directed exploration. In contrast to constructive supervision, which aims to maximize instructors’ contributions via creativity, creative supervision aims to free up teachers. It serves as a tool to help education achieve its goal more successfully. All forms of monitoring are primarily intended to liberate instructors from rigid guidelines and prescribed practices, enabling them to become master educators for the educational system. The supervisor does not have to restrict freedom to provide guidance, counsel, and recommendations for a program that demonstrates, via testing and evaluation, what works.

The Creative Supervision is best for school management

Teachers under creative supervision are encouraged to use their judgment when it comes to goals, curricula, structure and content, teaching strategies, and assessment. The supervisor and coworkers are encouraged to hear the teachers’ points of view as they refine their methods. This gives the instructors the chance to develop by using their skills and abilities while receiving knowledgeable, competent advice and support.

Read our blog: PakSci Mission

Management

Management in education Definition of Louis A. Allen:

Management is what a manager does.

Definition of Henxy Fayol:

To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate, and to control.

Definition of F.N. Taylor:

Management is the art of knowing what you want to do…. in the best and cheapest way.

The definition of management is far more expansive and all-encompassing. It is evident from the definitions mentioned above that management is the process of accomplishing goals via the efforts of others. Put differently, it describes the process of obtaining employment from others in a coordinated way to meet the particular goals of the company.

Read: The scope of Islamic administration regarding economic, political, social, and cultural aspects of life

Importance of Management

The significance of ‘Management’ may be enumerated in the following paragraphs:

Meeting the Challenge of Change

In recent years, the problem of transformation has intensified and grown vital. Only scientific management can successfully navigate the complexity of today’s corporate environment.

Effective Utilization of the Seven M’s

There are seven M’s in business, Men, Materials, Money, Machines, Methods, Markets, and Management. Management stands at the top of all these M’s and determines and controls all other business factors.

Management Directs the Organization

Management guides and manages the organization to accomplish the intended purpose, just as the mind guides and governs the body to carry out its desires.

Integrates Various Interests

Many interest groups apply pressure on one another during the collaborative effort to get the largest possible share of the finished product. By distributing these demands, management unites disparate interests.

Management in education Provides Stability

By adapting and adjusting the resources to meet the demanding demands of the constantly shifting social context, it brings stability to society.

Provides Innovation

The organization receives fresh ideas, views, and imaginations from management, which gives it the vitality it needs to function better and more effectively.

Establishes Team-spirit

Management creates a sense of unity among employees and organizes the efforts of the organization’s departments.

Tackles Business Problems

In resolving corporate issues, good management acts as a mentor, friend, and philosopher. It offers a tool for completing work most effectively.

Acts as a Tool for Personality Development

Management is the growth of persons, not the direction of things. It shapes a person’s personality. The goal of management is to increase production, efficiency, and quality.

Read our blog: PakSci Mission

Islamic administration means managing resources, including people, finances, and materials, following Islamic principles and values. Islamic governance covers a broad spectrum of spheres, encompassing the social, political, cultural, and economic facets of existence.

Economic Administration

The pursuit of justice, equity, and equality in economic dealings through the regulation of financial institutions, the encouragement of moral business conduct, the encouragement of economic expansion and development, and the promotion of wealth distribution through the provision of social welfare services and philanthropy are just a few of the ways that Islamic administration works to influence the economy.

Political Administration

Islamic administration encompasses political administration as well, as it aims to advance equity, equality, and justice within the political structure. To safeguard people’s rights and freedoms and to guarantee that political power is used in an ethical and accountable way, institutions and procedures must be put in place.

Read: The functions of administration essential to the effective and efficient operation of organizations

Social Administration

Islamic governance, which aims to advance justice, equality, and fairness in interpersonal interactions, also has a big influence on the social structure. This involves advancing family values, offering healthcare and education, and supporting social welfare and community development programs.

Cultural Administration

Islamic administration covers cultural administration as well since it works to protect and maintain the Muslim community’s cultural legacy. This involves supporting cultural institutions and endeavors that mirror the customs and values of the Muslim community as well as the advancement of Islamic literature, art, and history.

Ethical Administration

Islamic governance, which aims to advance moral and ethical principles in all facets of life, is likewise preoccupied with ethical governance. This involves defending human rights, advancing moral and ethical education and training, and encouraging honesty, integrity, and justice in all dealings.

Environmental Administration

Given its emphasis on promoting environmental preservation and protection, Islamic administration also includes environmental management. To do this, measures for waste and pollution reduction, environmental conservation and protection, and the promotion of sustainable development and resource use must be supported.

Educational Administration

The scope of Islamic administration also includes educational administration, as it seeks to promote quality education and training services. This includes promoting Islamic education and values, supporting education and training initiatives, and developing institutions and systems to ensure that education is accessible and affordable to all.

Health Administration

In conclusion, the scope of Islamic administration is broad and encompasses a variety of areas, including economic, political, social, cultural, ethical, environmental, educational, and health administration. Effective Islamic administration requires the integration of these functions to promote justice, equality, fairness, and ethical values in all aspects of life, as well as to support the well-being and development of the community. Islamic administration also has a significant impact on the health system, as it seeks to promote the provision of quality health services to the community. This includes the promotion of health education and awareness, the assistance of health initiatives and programs, and the development of institutions and systems to guarantee that healthcare is accessible and affordable to all. Islamic administration also requires ongoing monitoring and evaluation to ensure that the principles and values of Islam are upheld and that the goals and objectives of the Muslim community are achieved.

Read our blog: PakSci Mission

The process of planning and controlling resources—people, money, and materials—to accomplish particular goals and objectives is referred to as administration. Regardless of an organization’s size, structure, or goal, administrative responsibilities are necessary for them to run effectively and efficiently.

Planning

Planning is the first step in administration; it entails defining objectives, coming up with plans and strategies to reach them, and assigning funds to implement the plans. Planning well ensures that an organization’s resources are used as effectively and efficiently as feasible and that its goals and objectives are well-defined.

Organizing

After planning, the next phase of administration is organizing, which entails allocating and coordinating resources to meet the predetermined goals and objectives. To support the organization’s operations, processes and procedures are developed, workers are assigned, and duties and responsibilities are distributed.

Staffing

Staffing is an essential administrative activity that includes hiring, choosing, and preparing employees to perform the duties and obligations that have been delegated to them. A company that staffs effectively has the appropriate people in the right positions with the relevant knowledge and abilities to accomplish its objectives.

Directing

In order to guarantee that employees collaborate well to meet the objectives of the company, directing entails giving them direction, advice, and inspiration. This includes articulating goals and objectives, establishing standards and expectations, and offering staff members assistance and feedback.

Read: Descriptive research and its major forms with the example of case studies, causal-comparative studies, and correlation studies

Controlling

One of the most important administrative tasks is controlling, which is keeping an eye on and assessing the organization’s performance to make sure it is accomplishing its objectives. To keep the organization on course, this entails establishing performance criteria, tracking advancement, and, where required, implementing corrective action.

Decision-making

Making decisions and acting upon them in order to address issues and accomplish objectives is a crucial administrative task. Making decisions effectively calls for the application of critical thinking, analysis, and good communication techniques.

Budgeting

Preparing and managing financial resources to meet organizational goals and objectives is a crucial part of budgeting, which is a fundamental administrative job. The creation of strategies for income and expenses, resource distribution, and financial performance tracking are all included in this.

Record-keeping

Record-keeping is a critical function of administration, as it involves creating and maintaining accurate and up-to-date records of the organization’s activities, transactions, and performance. Effective record-keeping ensures that important information is available when needed and helps to support informed decision-making.

Report preparation

Report preparation is a function of administration that involves the preparation of reports and other communications to support informed decision-making and effective communication within and outside the organization. This includes the preparation of financial reports, operational reports, and performance reports.

Customer service

Managing client connections to make sure that consumers are happy with the goods and services the company offers makes up customer service, one of the most important administrative tasks. This includes answering questions from customers, fixing issues they may be having, and offering continuing support and help. To sum up, administrative roles play a crucial role in the smooth and productive functioning of businesses. To accomplish the organization’s goals and objectives and to serve staff, clients, and stakeholders, effective administration necessitates the integration of these responsibilities. In addition to constant monitoring and assessment to make sure the company stays on course and keeps achieving its objectives, efficient administration necessitates the use of critical thinking, analysis, and effective communication skills.

Read our blog: PakSci Mission